What is the difference between lrti and pneumonia

Therefore, patients older than 40 years and all tobacco smokers should have a follow-up chest XR after an episode of CAP, as follows:. Pneumonia is the product of proliferation of microbial pathogens and a response of the host to them in the alveolar space. The most common mechanism for infection is when microorganisms gain access to the alveolar space after aspiration from the oropharynx.

However, they can be inhaled as contaminated droplets or less commonly by hematogenous spread. Host barriers such as hairs and turbinates of the nares, branching architecture of the tracheobronchial tree mucociliary clearance and local antibacterial factors , gag reflex and cough can be overcome when microorganisms are small enough to be inhaled to the alveolar space.

Alveolar macrophages are very efficient in killing and clearing pathogens that once engulfed can be eliminated by the mucociliary system or lymphatics. If the function of alveolar macrophages is exceeded, then pneumonia becomes manifested that is mainly due to the activation of an inflammatory response rather than proliferation of microorganisms. Hospitalized mortality rate depends on severity of illness but the higher mortality rate is seen in ICU patients admitted with CAP.

Patients with severe CAP most commonly die from refractory hypoxemia, refractory shock and multiorgan failure. Dementia, immunosuppression, active cancer, systolic hypotension, male gender and multilobar infiltrates are factors other than pneumonia that are independently associated with mortality in CAP. Presence of aspiration should be considered an independent predictor for both pneumonia- and comorbid conditions-related mortality.

Niederman, MS. Woodhead, M. Eur Respir J. Mandell, LA. Clin infect Dis. Tejerina, E. J Crit Care. Marrie, TJ. Clin Infect Dis. Mortensen, EM. Envelope icon Subscribe to our newsletter Get regular updates to your inbox.

Your Email. Share this article: Share article via email Copy article link. MORE: The danger of cross infections. Print This Page. These organs together help in the breathing cycle. Infection caused in these organs is termed as respiratory tract infection RTI.

Upper respiratory tract infection — This affects the nose, sinus and throat. Most common upper respiratory tract infections include:. Lower respiratory tract infection — This affects the bronchi and lungs.

The most common ones are:. Your symptoms may differ depending on the type of germs affecting the body. Most commonly seen symptom for both pneumonia and tuberculosis is chest pain while coughing and fatigue.

Other reported symptoms are:. Most of the respiratory infections can get transmitted through air that we breathe. Some of the causes are as follows:. Pneumonia at times may require emergency care, especially in the case of children.

In case of any visible sign or symptom, you should immediately seek medical care at a hospital having specialized doctors such as chest physician, pediatrician, a trained medical support staff and infrastructures like ICU, in-house diagnostics and pharmacy support.

Both pneumonia and tuberculosis have similar diagnostic procedures. Respiratory diseases may be diagnosed by your physician or pediatrician by:.

How are respiratory diseases — pneumonia and tuberculosis diagnosed? Depending on the disease condition, age and overall health status, treatment can either be done at home or you may need hospitalization.

Treatment for pneumonia and tuberculosis is done with medications. Diseases like common cold and influenza may require only symptomatic treatment. Below is the list of medications used for the treatment:. To know more about respiratory diseases, pneumonia, and tuberculosis, you can request for a callback and our Pulmonologist will call you and answer all your queries. PKIDs Online. Assessed on 27 March Send Please leave this field empty. Please leave this field empty. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly.

In extremely severe cases, they are given antiviral drugs. People who are fit and healthy do not need to visit a doctor to diagnose flu. It is usually possible to treat the symptoms of influenza at home with rest and drinking plenty of water. Antiviral drugs are also used to treat influenza in people who are at risk of other complications. A doctor will diagnose flu based on symptoms and medical history if a person is at risk.

An x-ray can be used to check for pneumonia and is likely to show shadowing on the lungs if the infection is present. Antibiotics are used to treat pneumonia and different approaches should be used according to the risk of the person and severity of the illness. Learn about the factors that can cause lung disease and the ways to reduce your contact with them. Sign up to our free monthly newsletter to get the latest information and research news on lung conditions, plus views from experts and patients!

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European Lung Foundation. Content Table. Acute lower respiratory infections Acute lower respiratory infections include pneumonia infection of the lung alveoli , as well as infections affecting the airways such as acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis, influenza and whooping cough. This content is available in multiple languages. Acute lower respiratory infection factsheets. Acute lower respiratory infection surveys.

Acute lower respiratory infection patient experiences.